1. The Crusades and Beyond
Chapter 11

2. The crusades were military expeditions (wars) to recapture the holy land
They lasted from
What are the Crusades?

3. Who and Why? The Pope The Crusaders (Warriors)
Pope Urban II sent European Christians to reclaim Jerusalem.
He was worried because some Muslim rulers were destroying Christian holy sites in Jerusalem, and pilgrimage to Jerusalem was becoming increasingly dangerous.
The Pope needed to raise a large army so he promised entry to heaven to anyone who went to fight in the crusades.
Many townspeople, craftsmen, and peasants joined the knights in fighting.
Who and Why?

4.
30,000 crusaders fought through Anatolia toward Palestine.
Christian crusaders conquered Antioch and finally surrounded and easily captured Jerusalem.
The first Crusade

5.
Muslims organized and banded together to capture Edessa.
The Christians fought back, but were unable to hold on to Jerusalem.
Muslims retook Edessa, Damascus, and Anatolia.
The second Crusade

6.
Salah al-Din led a renewed fight against the crusaders in the Holy Land.
His army captured Jerusalem.
Richard the Lionheart fought back.
A treaty was signed: Muslims kept control over Jerusalem, while the Christian crusaders kept a chain of cities along the coast of Palestine.
The third Crusade

7. The Crusades Effects on Christians
Economic Changes
Societal Changes
Increased the use of money because crusaders needed to buy things
Some knights began performing banking functions (loans, investments)
Kings started a tax system to raise funds for crusades
Monarchs grew more powerful; this helped to end the feudal system
Crusaders dressed in clothing made of muslin (a type of cotton)
Began to eat melon, apricots, sesame seeds, and carob
Began to used spices like pepper
This all led to an increase in trade
The Crusades Effects on Christians

8. The Crusades Effects on Muslims
A smaller impact
What was the effect?
This is because at the time of the Crusades, Muslims had a more advanced society than the Christians in Western Europe.
They had less to
gain
Learned about new weapons and military ideas
Began to adopt a standing army
Merchants became wealthy from trade with Europe
Muslims became more united against a common enemy.
The Crusades Effects on Muslims

9. The Crusades Effects on Jews
It got bad…
It got even worse…
Entire communities of Jews were massacred
Synagogues and holy books were destroyed
In 1290, England expelled all Jews
In 1394, France expelled all Jews
Jews were forced to live in crowded neighborhoods called ghettos, separated from the rest of the town by gates and walls
Anti- Semitism (prejudice against Jews) spread among non-crusaders
Jews’ place in society worsened, they could not hold public office or run trading businesses.
The Crusades Effects on Jews

10. The Reconquesta What? Where?
A series of wars in which the Christians fought to win back control of the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) from the Muslims.
They succeeded in taking back all except for Granada
The Reconquesta

11. The Inquisition Late 1400’s in Spain
Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand wanted to unite Spain as a Catholic country
They used the inquisition, a church court, to find out whether supposed Christian converts were practicing their old religion.
Jews were told to become Catholics or leave- 170,000 left
Beginning in 1609, Spain expelled (kicked out) the remaining Muslims and Jews
This ended the golden age of cooperation between the 3 groups.
The Inquisition