1. The Crusades and Beyond CHAPTER 11

2. What are the Crusades? The crusades were military expeditions (wars) to recapture the ___________ They lasted from 10___- 12____

3. Who and Why? The Pope Pope ______________ sent European Christians to reclaim Jerusalem. He was worried because some Muslim rulers were _____________ Christian holy sites in Jerusalem, and pilgrimage to Jerusalem was becoming ____________________. The Crusaders (Warriors) The Pope needed to raise a large army so he promised _____________ to anyone who went to fight in the crusades. Many _______________, ______________, and _____________ joined the knights in fighting.

4. The first Crusade 10____- 10____ 30,000 crusaders fought through _____________ toward Palestine. Christian crusaders conquered ___________ and finally surrounded and easily captured ____________.

5. The second Crusade 11____- 11____ Muslims _____________ and banded together to capture Edessa. The Christians fought back, but were unable to hold on to Jerusalem. Muslims retook ____________, ____________, and ________.

6. The third Crusade 11___- 11___ _____________________ led a renewed fight against the crusaders in the Holy Land. His army ___________ Jerusalem. Richard the ___________ fought back. A _________ was signed: Muslims kept control over ____________, while the Christian crusaders kept a chain of cities along the __________of Palestine.

7. The Crusades Effects on Christians Economic Changes Increased the use of _____________because crusaders needed to buy things Some knights began performing ___________ functions (loans, investments) Kings started a ________ system to raise funds for crusades Societal Changes Monarchs grew more ___________; this helped to end the ___________system Crusaders dressed in clothing made of ________________ (a type of cotton) Began to eat melon, __________, sesame seeds, and ___________ Began to use spices like ______________ This all led to an __________ in trade

8. The Crusades Effects on Muslims A smaller impact This is because at the time of the Crusades, Muslims had a more ______________ society than the Christians in Western Europe. They had less to ______________ What was the effect? Learned about new ______________ and ______________ ideas Began to adopt a ______________ army Merchants became _______________ from trade with Europe Muslims became more united against a ________________ enemy.

9. The Crusades Effects on Jews It got bad… Entire communities of Jews were __________________ Synagogues and holy books were __________________ In 1290, England ________ all Jews In 1394, France _________ all Jews Jews were forced to live in crowded neighborhoods called _______________, separated from the rest of the town by gates and walls It got even worse… Anti- Semitism (_______ against Jews) spread among non-crusaders Jews’ place in society worsened, they could not hold public office or run trading businesses.

10. The Reconquesta What? A series of _______ in which the Christians fought to win back control of the _____________ Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) from the ____________. They succeeded in taking back all except for ______________ Where?

11. The Inquisition Late 1400’s in Spain Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand wanted to _____________ Spain as a _______________ country They used the _________________, a church court, to find out whether supposed Christian converts were practicing their old religion. Jews were told to become Catholics or leave: 170,00 left Beginning in 1609, Spain ________ (kicked out) the remaining Muslims and Jews This ended the ___________ age of cooperation between the 3 groups.