1. Health Problems  Diabetes  Insulin helps glucose enter the body's cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for future use.  What is the problem?  Type 1 diabetes happens when the cells in the pancreas that make insulin are destroyed.  Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body can't respond to insulin normally.  Possible Symptoms:  Frequent urination  Thirsty  Weight loss

2. Health Problems  Kidney Stones  What is the problem?  The buildup of crystallized salts and minerals such as calcium in the urinary tract can block the kidney or ureter.  Possible Symptoms?  Abdominal pain 

3. Health Problems  Dehydration  What is the problem?  The body lacks water and electrolytes (minerals)  Possible symptoms  Thirsty

4. Health Problems  Proteinuria  What is the problem?  Kidney damage causes protein to be found in the urine  Possible symptoms?  Water retention  Protein in urine

5.  Solubility

6.  Solubility: The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent.  The solute (powder) goes in the spaces of the solvent and dissolves.  Some substances never dissolve because it does not fit in the water molecule space. (ex. sand)

7. Solubility  Substances that can dissolve will fit in the spaces, but there is only so much space…  The solute that does not dissolve is called a PRECIPITATE.

8. Saturated Solution  UNSATURATED solution: does not contain the maximum amount, more solute can be added.  SATURATED solution: contains the maximum amount of solute for that amount of solvent  SUPER SATURATED solution: too much solute – a precipitate forms.

9. Solubility and Temperature  Temperature can either decrease or increase the amount of solute that can be dissolved.  Sugar and salt : as the temperature increases, so does the solubility.  Water molecules are excited so there is more space available for solute to dissolve.

10. Solubility curve

11. Solubility and Temperature  For gases, solubility often decreases as temperature increases.  Ex. In the summer, less O 2 can dissolve in water which can lead to the death of fish.