1. Unit 2: Age of Colonization
Lesson 1

2. What do I need to know before…..
What cultural beliefs did Europeans use to justify their colonization of people around the world?
Why did European countries colonize other parts of the world?
What geographic features made some locations appealing for colonization?
Good Afternoon Everyone! I hope you had a fantastic day at school. We have started unit 2 which is all about colonization… not just in America but around the world, so make sure you keep your minds open to the fact that these colinies were EVERYWHERE! The things we need to know to understand this lesson deal with 1. What cultural beliefs did the Europeans use to justify their colonies? This ties into their religious beliefs and seeing these other worlds as Savage and needing the Europeans to help them. Think Pocahantas. 2. Why did European countries colonize other parts of the world.. We are going to go into depth even more today… and 3. what geographic features made some locations appealing for colinization? This relates to what we talked about in the last unit, but natural resources was key and where one was located determined what they didn’t have and where they went in order to attain those resources.
What do I need to know before…..

3. Objectives for this lesson:
G Coastal areas, as well as those rich in natural resources and arable land, were colonized quickly by European powers.
C&G Power derived from the European monarchs and religion enabled the establishment of political superiority and exclusion of indigenous people and allowed them to enforce new social hierarchies.
E Various European countries competed for natural resources and labor by establishing colonies in Africa, India and the New World.
Alright so the things that we should know by the end of this lesson are 1. That coastal areas and those that have a lot of natural resources and usable land were quickly claimed by European powers. 2. Power granted to the colonists through kings and religious leaders allowed settlers to gain social power and a sense of superiority of indigenous people. 3. Various European countries competed for natural resources and labor by establishing colonies in Africa, India, and the New World
Objectives for this lesson:

4. 2. What factors motivated colonization among European countries?
1. What cultural beliefs did Europeans use to justify their colonization of peoples throughout the world?
2. What factors motivated colonization among European countries?
The questions that are going to help guide our studies are: 1. What cultural beliefs did Europeans use to justify their colonization of peoples throughout the world? And 2. What factors motivated colonization among European countries?
Guiding Questions:

5. Purpose of Colonization
1. Columbian Exchange and the 3 G’s
2. Religion
3. Economics
4. Politics
So there are 4 main things that we are going to look at in order to answer these 2 questions. We are going to first quickly look at how the Columbian Exchange started the Age of Colonization and how the three G’s contributed. Next we well look at how religion was used to justify colonization and the removal of Indigenous peoples. Third we well look at how Economics and the need for natural resources created a frenzy in the heart of Europeans. And Lastly, we will look at how politics contributed to rapid colonization.
Purpose of Colonization

6. Columbian Exchange Exchanging of goods between two areas
People being brought in
Desire for Gold, God, Glory
Just like we studied in our last unit, the Columbian Exchange was a huge reason for colonization. The greed for new resources and new territory became an obsession. This trade soon became known as the Triangular Trade route. Gold and crops began to be traded along with people. More on all of this later. Main idea is that the Columbian Exchange made colonization the next logical step.
Columbian Exchange

7. Religion Trying to escape persecution for not following the King
Wanting to reach out to the Natives and Convert
Wanting to “start over” correctly
England was going through a major change during this time. One major change was a reformation… this reformation was creating a lot of different religious sects (groups) within England and they couldn’t get along. Everyone thought they were correct and were fighting a lot. Those that really thought they were the only ones correct decided that they would go to a colony and set up their community in order to stop the fighting. Another huge change in Europe was that they church and kingdom were changing. If you were against the king’s religion then you were against the king. Massive amounts of persecution would fall on those that disagreed, so many people fled to the colonies in order to be safe and follow their ideals. The last reason many people colonized was in order to save the Natives from their incorrect ways and religions. They would become missionaries and would build mission colonies in order to reach out and save the people (by teaching to become good English men and women)
Religion

8. Economy Finding new natural resources Creating trade/ finding land
Let’s be real here…. The economic side of colonization is the main reason why people colonized. People wanted to find gold and wealthy investors were willing to sell stocks and trade in order to invest in the discovery of gold. Colonizing in other continents were done for the same reasons (tar, gold, diamonds, slaves, and ivory in Africa were HUGE). Gold was the main goal for American colonization. The need to attain medals in order to trade was extremely important to Europeans and their economies. They no longer wanted to pay other groups for such materials and wanted to create “factories” if you will through these colonies in order to became self sufficient. The last reason was for land. Once again land still meant power and Europe had run out essentially. Now people were offering a way to get as much land as you wanted for minimal cost.
Economy

9. Politics 1. Be able to move up in social standings
2. Adventure and income
3. Opposition to monarchy
4. Fight against Spain
Politics was another MAJOR influence in European colonization. So.. You should remember from last year that land was a major influence in social standings. The more land you had the wealthier you ei.. High social standings. Well… we already know that land was scarce in Europe so a lot Europeans were moving to America in order to gain a strong social standing and become a sheep herder which, surprisingly, was really profitable. Along those lines was the desire to have an adventure and to get rich doing. Another major influence in politics for colonization was to appose the monarchy. This ties in with the religious point of disagreeing with the king, being persecuted for that feeling, and so wanting to get away and live their own way. Lastly, England and Spain never really liked each other, so England wanted to use colonies to create a naval port to fight against them.
Politics

10. Review: Guiding Questions
1. What cultural beliefs did Europeans use to justify their colonization of peoples throughout the world?
2. What factors motivated colonization among European countries?
All right that is the end of today’s lesson.. Before we move to Vocab let’s first review what we learned today using our guiding questions. So our first questions dealt with how Europeans used cultural beliefs to justify their colonies. We say this through their religious and political reasons. They wanted to gain new land in order to move up the social ladder, they wanted to spread Christianity and bring proper manners to the indigenous peoples, and lastly they wanted to escape persecution from the king. Number 2. What factors motivated colonization? Well that was our four points: 1. The Columbian Exchange was a direct link, 2. Religion, 3. Economics and natural resources, and 4. Politics. Alright that’s it! Be sure you have recorded all your notes and vocab because I will be checking tomorrow! GO on to record your vocab words and start studying! Have a great afternoon!
Review: Guiding Questions

11. Dutch East India Company:
The Dutch East India Company was primarily interested in trading with India for spices, indigo and other natural resources.
Dutch East India Company: 

12. It was a bi-product of the Age of Exploration
 It was a bi-product of the Age of Exploration. Once European nations realized the wealth of newly explored territories, it became the mission of many European nations to claim the land as their own. The western coast of Africa and the southern tip of Africa were two of the first areas explored and colonized.
○ Three reasons behind the expeditions of North and South America: greed (gold and world power), glory (fame), and God (religion). For example, the earliest settlers in New England came searching for a place to practice their religious beliefs free of persecution from the British Crown while the earliest settlers in South America came in search of gold.
○ In most cases, there was peaceful coexistence between settlers and Native American groups. Over time, however, these interactions became contentious and sometimes violent as colonial populations grew as well as their desire for land and resources.
Colonization

13. Spanish explorers were known as conquistadors
 Spanish explorers were known as conquistadors. These men primarily conquered South and Central America, as well as Southwest North America.
Conquistadors: 

14. Many European nations wanted to spread the Christian faith to indigenous cultures, so they sent missionaries to teach people about Christ. Missionaries often protested the treatment of indigenous cultures and would write accounts of their experiences abroad.
Missionaries: 

15.  The native populations of a country are called indigenous people
Indigenous Peoples

16.  A massive trading system was set up between Europe, Africa and North America. Europe provided luxury items, guns and alcohol to North America and Africa. Africa provided slaves to the Americas, and North America sent crops and furs to Europe; creating the Triangular Trade Routes.
Triangular Trade

17. European nations exploited indigenous cultures for their labor and natural resources.
Exploitation

18. Natural resources are items that come from nature. They are not manmade

19. Goods that are brought into an area for trade
Goods that are brought into an area for trade. They are goods that cannot be manufactured in the area they are imported. In other words it’s goods you are buying.
Import

20. Good that are manufactured in an area to be sent and traded to another area. In other words, its goods that you are selling.
Export

21. The Indian Removal Act was passed by Congress on May 28, 1830, during the presidency of Andrew Jackson. The law authorized the president to negotiate with Indian tribes in the Southern United States for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their ancestral homelands.
Indian Removal Acts

22. In 1838 and 1839, as part of Andrew Jackson's Indian removal policy, the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma. The Cherokee people called this journey the "Trail of Tears," because of its devastating effects.
Trail of Tears

23. An Indian reservation is a legal designation for an area of land managed by a Native American tribe under the US Bureau of Indian Affairs, rather than the governments of the US states in which they are physically located.
Reservation

24. Transatlantic Slave Trade:
 The Transatlantic Slave Trade brought thousands of native Africans to North America to work as indentured servants on large farms.
Transatlantic Slave Trade:

25. During the Transatlantic Slave Trade, ships had to cross the Atlantic Ocean. This journey was called the Middle Passage. Africans were crammed into the bottom hulls on a boat with little ventilation, sanitation or proper nutrition. Many Africans died before even making it to North America.
Middle Passage: