1. Clean Snowmobile Challenge 2005 Minnesota State University, Mankato

2. Design Strategy Emissions Emissions Noise Noise Fuel Choice Fuel Choice Ergonomics Ergonomics Design Cost Analysis Design Cost Analysis Results Results

3. Breakdown Points Breakdown Event Tech Paper Tech Paper Cost Assessment Cost Assessment Emissions Emissions Oral Presentation Oral Presentation Fuel Economy/Endurance Fuel Economy/Endurance Acceleration Acceleration Handling Handling Cold Start Cold Start Noise Noise Static Display Static Display Total Total Max Points 100502001001005020075200501050

4. Emissions Four-Stroke Cycle Engine Four-Stroke Cycle Engine MoTeC Engine Management System MoTeC Engine Management System Lean Air/Fuel Ratio Lean Air/Fuel Ratio Lower Exhaust Emissions with E85 Lower Exhaust Emissions with E85 3-Way Catalyst 3-Way Catalyst 2003 700cc Polaris Sportsman

5. 700 Sportsman Engine Readily Available Readily Available Adaptability for Snowmobile Adaptability for Snowmobile  CVT Coupling Cost Cost  Approximately 1/3 Price of a Sport Bike Engine Fuel Adaptability Fuel Adaptability  Fuel Injectors

6. Cylinder Head Selection Goal to Increase Intake and Exhaust Flow to Improve Performance Goal to Increase Intake and Exhaust Flow to Improve Performance Two Heads Available Two Heads Available Sportsman 700cc (Old) & Frontier 780cc (EFI) Sportsman 700cc (Old) & Frontier 780cc (EFI) * * (25 in H 2 0 Test Pressure)

7. Engine Simulation Two Software Packages Used Two Software Packages Used – Engine Analyzer Pro – Dynomation Wave Action Simulation Aided in Decision of Engine Modifications Aided in Decision of Engine Modifications Projected Horsepower Projected Horsepower Computer Simulation Used to Determine Engine Performance Computer Simulation Used to Determine Engine Performance

8. Fuel Injector Selection Flow Rate (Gas) = HP(expected) X BSFC # of Injectors X Duty Cycle = 45 HP X.5 lbs/hp-hr 2 X 0.8 Flow Rate (E85)= 14.06 lbs/hr x 130% = 18.27 lbs/hr

9. MoTeC Controller Closed Loop Operation Closed Loop Operation – Oxygen Sensor – Manifold Absolute Pressure – Air Temp – Crankshaft Position – Throttle Position – Coolant Temperature Programmable Fuel and Ignition Programmable Fuel and Ignition Improved Emissions and Fuel Economy Improved Emissions and Fuel Economy

10. Emissions Weighted HCCONOxWeight Mode 120.12661.227.40.12 Mode 29.77111.133.40.27 Mode 32.6969.69.50.25 Mode 42.3674.43.00.31 Mode 51.726.80.10.05 Total36.66923.046.0 Weighted HCCONOxWeight Mode 10.025560.000720.0630.12 Mode 20.346950.0099900.27 Mode 30.061750.000250.0390.25 Mode 40.1447700.4460.31 Mode 50.95910.000050.0290.05 Total1.538130.010290.57 g/hp-hr Polaris Frontier 780 ccMSU E85 683 cc *Results from 2003 Models Earth Friendly! Earth Friendly!

11. Catalytic Converter 3 -Way Oxidation/Reduction Catalyst 3 -Way Oxidation/Reduction Catalyst HC, CO and NO x HC, CO and NO x 400 cells per inch 400 cells per inch ← Flow

12. Noise Control Specifically Designed for National Parks and Environmentally Sensitive Areas Specifically Designed for National Parks and Environmentally Sensitive Areas – Under-Seat Exhaust – Walker Quiet-Flow muffler – Soundfoam HT Sound Absorbing Material – Wrap-around Snow Flap

13. Walker Quiet-Flow Muffler Selected to Dampen Sound at Critical Frequencies

14. Sound Absorbing Material Absorbing Foam with Noise Reduction Coefficient of.52 2004 MSU Snowmobile Used Material with a.23 NRC Used to Block Noise Produced by Idler Wheels Contain Exhaust Noise Between the Track and Ground Wrap-Around Snow Flap

15. E85 Fuel Renewable Resource Chemically Consistent Higher Octane Level Higher Oxygen Content Lower Energy Density Lower Reid Vapor Pressure Fuel Heaters Total Cost per Mile

16. Properties of Fuels Gasoline 115,000 BTU/gal Non-Oxygenated High Volatility 92 PON 85% Ethanol 81,850 BTU/gal Oxygenated Low Volatility 108 PON 115,000 BTU/gal X 30% + 76,000 BTU/gal X 70% = 87,700 BTU/gal E85 Winter Blend

17. Fuel Comparison Gasoline (92 PON) Cost: $2.26 per gal 85% Ethanol $1.79 per gal 24% Less Energy per Gallon 21% Less Cost per Gallon 3% Increased Cost per Mile E85

18. Cost of Modifications Engine $506.45 Fuel System $127.00 Exhaust $236.00 Electronics $133.00 Noise Treatment $24.00 Total $1,026.45

19. Results Fuel Economy/Endurance – – 1 of 6 teams to finish the 100 mile endurance run Noise Testing – 3 rd Place (.5 dB from 1 st ) Objective Handling – 2 nd Place Technology Implementation Cost Assessment – 3 rd Place Cold Start – 1 of 11 teams to pass Overall rank for CSC 2005 8 th

20. Sponsors Minnesota Corn Growers Association Minnesota United Snowmobile Association Twin Cities Section of SAE ToroQA1 OTCLubeTech MoHawksPro Corn Plus Steve ShallbetterEthanol2000 Pro-Corn LLC

21. Questions?