1. Rise of Fascism in Europe ■ Fear of Communism with Stalin ■ Distrust in Democracy ■ Failures to combat the depression ◆ Germany’s Weimar Repbulic ■ Rise of Fascist Dictators

2. Fascism in Europe ■ Def: system of gov. that stresses nationalism & places interest of the state above the individual ■ Led by dictators who offered ◆ Employment, lower inflation ◆ Punishment of enemies ◆ Restoration of national pride

3. Characteristics of Fascism ■ Dictatorial, one party rule ■ Individual rights denied ■ Censorship / controlled the media ■ Supremacy of the state ■ Extreme nationalism ■ Scapegoating  Nonparty members  Communists

4. Fascist Dictatorships ■ Italy ◆ Benito Mussolini ■ Germany ◆ Adolph Hitler ■ Spain ◆ Francisco Franco

6. Italy ■ Mussolini starts Fascist party in 1919 ■ Blackshirts terrorize opponents ■ March on Rome in 1922 ◆ King allows formation of gov. legally ■ Becomes “Il Duce” ◆ Secret police, censorship, control of economy, labor ◆ Invades Ethiopia ◆ Aligns with Adolf Hitler

7. Germany ■ Hitler joins National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NAZI) in 1920, rises to “Der Fuhrer” ■ Jailed after Beer Hall Putsch, writes Mein Kampf ■ Becomes Chancellor legally ◆ After suspicious Reichstag fire ■ Anti-Semitic & Lebensraum

8. Spain ■ Gen. Franco leads coup in 1936 ■ Civil war assisted by Hitler, Mussolini ◆ Bombing of Guernica ■ West remains neutral, Spain falls to fascists

10. Competing Political Ideology Quiz 1. Fascism becomes popular in Europe because people are scared of this ideology__________ 2. Fascists place the greatness of the __________ above the individual. 3. Fascists blame other groups for their woes. This is called ______________________ 4. Italy’s Duke was Benito__________________ 5. Germany’s Fuhrer was Adolph ____________ 6. Spain’s Caudillo was Francisco ____________ 7. Italy becomes an empire following the invasion of _________ 8. While in prison, #5 writes this book:___________ _________ 9. Spain enlists the help of Germany in the bombing of this town:__________________________