1. PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PART C 5 The Skeletal System

2. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Fetal Skull  The fetal skull is large compared to the infant’s total body length  Fontanels—fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones  Allow the brain to grow  Convert to bone within 24 months after birth

3. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Fetal Skull Figure 5.13a

4. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Fetal Skull Figure 5.13b

5. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column  Each vertebrae is given a name according to its location  There are 24 single vertebral bones separated by intervertebral discs  Seven cervical vertebrae are in the neck  Twelve thoracic vertebrae are in the chest region  Five lumbar vertebrae are associated with the lower back

6. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column  Nine vertebrae fuse to form two composite bones  Sacrum  Coccyx

7. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column Figure 5.14

8. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Homeostatic Imbalance – Herniated Disc  Due to aging: discs dry out and ligaments become weak  Predisposes to herniated disc  May also result from torsional force  Protruding disc into spinal cord will call P and numbness

9. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column  The spine has a normal curvature  Primary curvatures are the spinal curvatures of the thoracic and sacral regions  Present from birth  Secondary curvatures are the spinal curvatures of the cervical and lumbar regions  Develop after birth

10. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column Figure 5.15

11. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Vertebral Column Figure 5.16

12. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings A Typical Vertebrae, Superior View Figure 5.17

13. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18a

14. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18b

15. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18c

16. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Regional Characteristics of Vertebrae Figure 5.18d

17. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sacrum and Coccyx  Sacrum  Formed by the fusion of five vertebrae  Coccyx  Formed from the fusion of three to five vertebrae  “Tailbone,” or remnant of a tail that other vertebrates have

18. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Sacrum and Coccyx Figure 5.19

19. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Bony Thorax  Forms a cage to protect major organs  Consists of three parts  Sternum  Ribs  True ribs (pairs 1–7)  False ribs (pairs 8–12)  Floating ribs (pairs 11–12)  Thoracic vertebrae

20. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The Bony Thorax Figure 5.20a