2. Cecum Is blind end pouch Location :-in the right iliac fossa…below the level of junction with ileum. Length:-6cm. Cecum is intraperitoneal part..coz it is covered completely with peritoneum. **what are the peritoneal folds in cecum? 1)sup.ileocecal fold. 2)inf.ileocecal fold. 3)Retrocecal fold. No mesentry is present

3. Taienia colli:-three flat bands of longitudinalmuscles that are restricted. Note:- the taenia colli convergeon the appendix & provide for its complete muscular coat. Note :- cecum often is distended with gas..can be papated in ant.abdominal wall. Note:-there are two lips in the large intestine that called ileocecal valve.

4. Relations:- Note:-always ant..relation has coils of small intestine. 1)ant:-coils of small intestine…grater omentum..ant.abdominal wall in right iliac fossa. Post:-psoas &iliacus musclethe femoral nerve..lat.cutaneous nerve of thigh.the appendix behind the cecum. Medially:-appendix.

5. Blood supply Ant & post cecal branches form ileocolic artery branch from sup.mesenteric artery. Veins :-drain in sup mesenteric vein. Lymph nodes :-drain in sup.mesenteric lymph nodes. Nerve :-نفس السابقات

6. Ileocecal valve A rudimentary structure. Components:-two horizontal folds of mucous membrane around the orifice of ileum. Function:-has a little role or no rple in prevention the reflux of cecum in ileum. **gastrin :- is responsible for contraction of muscle tone.

7. Appendix:- Is a muscular tube Contents :-large amount of lymphoid tissue. Length:-8-13cm. Location :--posteriomedial to cecum.about 2.5cm below the ileocecal junction..in right iliac fossa. Note :- it is a complete peritoneal covering. Imp:-mesoappendix:- is a short mesentry of appendix by which the appendix attached to lower layer of mesentry of small intestine. Fnction:-contains appendicular vessels & nerves. Mesoapp endix is in the beginnin g of appendix لهذا يصير انتشار اذا التهب

8. Blood supply:- Appendicular artery …branch from post.cecal artery.. Note :-mesoappendix is continuous with the mesentry around the ileum. Note :- the fibers responsible for pain in the appendix are from sympathetic …at tenth thoracic segment.

9. Notes:-imp The most fixed part of appendix is the base of it…that is Mcburney’s point. The line joining the ASIS&umbilicus. The base lies one third up the line…in relation to ant.abdominal wall. The mesoappendix is a mesentry …that suspend the appendix. The meso appendix is double layer of peritoneum.

10. Ascending colon Length :-13 cm Location :-extends from ccecum to left side to lower part of liver to the right colic flexure to form the transverse colon.in the right loer quadrant. Note :- it is connected to post.abdominal wall. Relation:- Ant:-the ant.abdominal wall,greater omentum &coils of small intestine. Post:-the iliacus,the iliac crest,quadratus lumborum,transversus abdominis,iliohypogastric & ilioinguinal,lower pole of right kidney.

11. Blood supply:-right colic artery from sup.mesenteric artery & ileocolic artery. Veins :-drain in sup.mesenteric vein.

12. Descending colon:- Length:-25cm. Location:-in the left upper &lower quadrant..extends from left colic flexure to pelvic brim Note :- it is continuous with sigmoid colon …& CONNECTED TO POST ABDOMINAL WALL BY PERITONEUM.

13. Note :- the ascending & descending colon are retroperitoneal. Relation :- Ant:- same Post:lat.border of left kidney,left psoas,iliac crest,iliacus,quadratus lumborum,ilioinguinal nerve,iliohypogastric nerve,femoral nerve & lat.cutaneus nerve of thigh.

14. Blood supply:-left colic artery & sigmoid branch from inf.mesenteric artery Veins :- drain in inf.mesenteric vein. Note :- the left colic flexure is suspended by phrenicocolic flexure …it is higher than the right.

15. Transverse colon Is the longest part of the colon. Length :-38cm Location :- occupies the umbilical region. Relation :- Ant:-ant.abdominal wall (umbilical & hypogastric region)…greater omentum Post:-the second part of duodenum ….pancreas..coils of jejunum & ileum Note :- it is suspended by transverse mesocolon from pancreas

16. Blood supply :- 1)proximal 2\3 from sup mesenteric vein by middle colic artery. & distalm 1\3 from inf.mesenteric artery. Veins:- in sup.mesenteric & inf.mesenteric veins. Lymph :-colic nodes…sup.mesenteric lymph nodes..inf mesenteric lymph nodes.

17. Notes :- Transverse mesocolon:- attachment:- Sup border of transverse colon Ant.border of pancreas Post part of greater omentum. تمام ان شاء الله