1. 'Good Wife and Wise Mother': An Outdated or Alive idea? B13648 Mayumi Takamori

2. Outline 1.Introduction 2.Defining Terms 3.Outdated 4.Alive 5.Analysis 6.Conclusion

3. 1. Introduction

4. Outline 1.Introduction 2.Defining Terms 3.Outdated 4.Alive 5.Analysis 6.Conclusion

5. 2. Defining Terms Good Wife and Wise Mother （ = 「良妻賢母」） Original: A slogan promoted in the Meiji gov. “to educate all women so that they could better perform their home duties especially childrearing ” (Bernstein 1991: 7) Now: “women should stay at home and take care of their families ”

6. 2. Defining Terms Outdated : Smt is no longer considered useful or effective. (Longman 2003: 1361) Alive : Smt still existing.

7. 2. Defining Terms The question is… Is it old idea that wives should take care of their families at home while husbands are working outside （＝夫は外で働き、妻は家庭を守る べきである） ? Or does that idea still have deep roots in Japanese society and still remain alive?

8. Outline 1.Introduction 2.Defining Terms 3.Outdated 4.Alive 5.Analysis 6.Conclusion

9. 3. Outdated 3.1 Increasing in working women 3.2 Appearance of ‘Ikumen’

10. 3.1Increasing in working women 独立行政法人労働政策研究・研修機構 (2014) Figure 1. 専業主婦世帯数と共働き世帯数の推移 (1980-2014) Is it old idea that wives should take care of their families at home while husbands are working outside （＝夫は外で働き、妻は家庭を守るべきであ る） ? Or does that idea still have deep roots in Japanese society and still remain alive?

11. 3.2 Appearance of ‘Ikumen’ Figure 2. 「イクメン」検索ヒット件数の推 移 Date: Asahi shimbun datebase 2010 年ユーキャン新語・流行語大賞トッ プ 10 イクメ ン Is it old idea that wives should take care of their families at home while husbands are working outside （＝夫は外で働き、妻は家庭を守るべきである） ? Or does that idea still have deep roots in Japanese society and still remain alive?

12. Outline 1.Introduction 2.Defining Terms 3.Outdated 4.Alive 5.Analysis 6.Conclusion

13. 4. Alive 4.1 Gender inequalities in workplaces 4.2 Young women’s preference to be full time house wives

14. 4.1 Gender inequalities in workplaces ・ Maternity harassment （＝マタハラ） Figure 3. 「マタハラ」検索ヒット件数の推移 （ 2012-2015 ） Date: Asahi Shimbun Database 2014 年ユーキャン新語・流行語大賞 トップ 10 「働く女性とマタニティ・ハラス メント」 の著者・杉浦浩美さん マタハラ 派遣４８％、正社員２１％が経験 （ Asahi Shimbun 2015 ） Is it old idea that wives should take care of their families at home while husbands are working outside （＝夫は外で働き、妻は家庭を守るべきであ る） ? Or does that idea still have deep roots in Japanese society and still remain alive?

15. 4.2 Young women’s preference to be full time house wives Gender Equality Bureau Cabinet Office (2009) Figure 4. 「夫は外で働き、妻は家庭を守るべきである」という考え方について（性 別・年代別） ForAgainst Is it old idea that wives should take care of their families at home while husbands are working outside （＝夫は外で働き、妻は家庭を守るべきであ る） ? Or does that idea still have deep roots in Japanese society and still remain alive?

16. Outline 1.Introduction 2.Defining Terms 3.Outdated 4.Alive 5.Analysis 6.Conclusion

17. 5. Analysis Outdated 3.1 Increasing in working women 3.2 Appearance of ‘Ikumen’ Alive 4.1 Gender inequalities in workplaces 4.2 Young women’s preference to be full time house wives

18. 5. Analysis 3.1 Increasing in working women Figure 4. 非正規雇用比率 (2002-2012) Cabinet Office, Government Of Japan (2013)

19. 5. Analysis 3.1 Increasing in working women Figure 5. 第一子出産前後の妻の就業率と育休利用状況（年代・正規・非正規 別） (1985-2009) 国立社会保障・人口問題研究所 （ 2010 ） 正規雇用 → 育児休業による就業継続が進んでい る 非正規雇用 → 低水準にある

20. 5. Analysis 3.2 Appearance of ‘Ikumen’ Figure 6. NISSAY (2013)

21. 5. Analysis Outdated 3.1 Increasing in working women 3.2 Appearance of ‘Ikumen’ Alive 4.1 Gender inequalities in workplaces 4.2 Young women’s preference to be full time house wives

22. 5. Analysis 4.1 Gender inequalities in workplaces 妊娠で降格「違法」 広島高裁 差し戻し審判 決 （ Asahi Shimbun 2015b ） 「マタハラが社会的に 認知された結果であ る。」

23. 4.2 Young women’s preference to be full time house wives Gender Equality Bureau Cabinet Office (2014) Figure 4. 「夫は外で働き、妻は家庭を守るべきである」という考え方に関する意識 の変化 (1979-2014) 43.2%46.5%

24. 5. Analysis 4.2 Young women’s preference to be full time house wives 「夫の稼ぎだけで妻子を養うのは難しく、公的な 保育サービスも十分でない。親の支援がなけれ ば、子育て中の妻は働き続けられないのが、今の 20 代の現実。その中で “ ささやかな幸せ ” を描いた ら、こういう結果になったとみるべき 。」 （社会学者 開沼博） Asahi Shimbun 2013 「良妻賢母思考とは異 質」

25. Outline 1.Introduction 2.Defining Terms 3.Outdated 4.Alive 5.Analysis 6.Conclusion

26. Outdated 3.1 Increasing in working women× 3.2 Appearance of ‘Ikumen’ △ Alive 4.1 Gender inequalities in workplaces○ 4.2 Young women’s preference to be full time house wives △

27. 6. Conclusion Despite of weakening the idea that wives should take care of their families at home while husbands are working outside is…, it still remain alive in Japanese society.

28. Thank you for listening!