1. Toward Revolution

2. England and Her Colonies - The Great War for Empire - Colonists in the War Regulation of Colonies - Taxes, taxes, taxes! Ideas of Revolution The Shot Heard 'round the World

3. England and the Colonies Decentralized government. Parliament and Prime Minister King George III – less and less control.

5. Wars in North America King William's War – 1689-1697 Queen Anne's War – 1702-1713 Iroquois Confederacy

6. French and Indian War – 1754 - 1763 British-controlled Atlantic coast. French-controlled Mid- West and Canada. Dispute over Ohio Valley

9. English Reaction George Washington led expedition. Fort Necessity

13. 1757 – William Pitt as PM World War Begins

14. War Expands 1758 – British ally with Prussia. War throughout central Europe.

15. European and N. Am Theaters

16. End of War 1763 – Treaty of Paris Massive debt for England.

17. Native Americans French immediately try to ally. British also try to ally. 1761 – suspension of trade.

18. North American Colonists Impressment of American colonists. Creation of American “self” Increased regulation after the war.

19. England and Empire George III – More control over colonies.

20. Sugar Act – 1764 Currency Act – 1764 Stamp Act – 1764 Mutiny (or Quartering) Act - 1765

21. Taxation: The American POV Virginia Stamp Act Resolution

22. Stamp Act Resolution Resolved, that the first... settlers of His Majesty's colony and dominion of Virginia brought with them... all the liberties, privileges... and immunities... possessed by the people of Great Britain.

23. Stamp Act Resolution Resolved, that the taxation of the people by themselves, or by persons chosen by themselves to represent them... and [who] must themselves be affected by every tax laid on the people,... is the [right of British citizens].

24. Stamp Act Resolution Resolved, therefor that the General Assembly of this Colony have the only and exclusive Right and Power to lay Taxes and Impositions upon the inhabitants of this Colony

25. Oct. 1765 – Stamp Act Congress Stamp Act repealed in March. 1766.

26. English Response Charles Townshend – Townshend Duties Revenue Act – 1767 American Customs Board

27. Boston, 1770 March 5, 1770 – Cpt. William Preston. Massacre of colonists?

28. Cpt. Preston Account of Shooting On Monday night about 8 o'clock two soldiers were attacked and beat.... About 9 some of the guard came to and informed me the town inhabitants were assembling to attack the troops... In a few minutes after I reached the guard, about 100 people... went towards the custom house where the king's money is lodged. They immediately surrounded the sentry posted there, and with clubs and other weapons threatened to execute their vengeance on him.

29. Cpt. Preston Account of Shooting On Monday night about 8 o'clock two soldiers were attacked and beat.... About 9 some of the guard came to and informed me the town inhabitants were assembling to attack the troops... In a few minutes after I reached the guard, about 100 people... went towards the custom house where the king's money is lodged. They immediately surrounded the sentry posted there, and with clubs and other weapons threatened to execute their vengeance on him.

30. I immediately sent a non-commissioned officer and 12 men to protect both the sentry and the king's money, and very soon followed myself to prevent, if possible, all disorder... Nay, so far was I from intending the death of any person that I [told] the troops to go to the spot where the [shooting] took place without any loading in their [weapons]; nor did I ever give orders for loading them.

31. “The Bloody Massacre”

32. Boston Again May 1773 – Benefit to English East India Company. Dec. 1773 – Boston Tea Party

34. Coercive or Intolerable Acts, 1774 Closes the Port of Boston Fined MA government. Royal soldiers throughout Boston.

35. English Government King Parliament Commoners Virtual Representation v. Actual Representation Taxes: English POV

36. Enlightenment Thinkers John Locke Second Treatise on Government (1689) An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690).

37. Second Treatise There is [a way] whereby... a government may be dissolved, and that is this; When he who has the supreme executive power neglects and abandons [his duty]... In these and the like cases, when the government is dissolved, the people are at liberty to provide for themselves.. a new [government]

38. Second Treatise... a revolution happen[s] not [because of] every little mismanagement in public affairs. Many wrong and inconvenient laws... will be born by the people without mutiny... But if a long train of abuses... all tending the same way make the design [of abuse] visible to the people... they should [rouse] themselves... to put the rule [in new hands].

39. Essay Concerning Human Understanding If we will attentively consider new born children, we shall have little reason to think that they bring many ideas into the world with them...... by degrees afterward, ideas come into their minds. *** Tabula Rasa

40. The Public House Taverns are common. Mixing of groups. Organization of Patriot groups.

41. Fraunces Tavern, NY

42. Liberty Pole in NY, 1770

43. First Continental Congress Reject colonial union under British control. Prepare for military response Official message to King. Meet again.

44. The British are Coming! Tomas Gage in Boston April 18, 1775 - Concord April 19 - Lexington

47. Sources Calloway, Colin G., The Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of North America Carp, Benjamin L., Rebels Rising: Cities and the American Revolution Ferling, John, Independence: The Struggle to Set America Free McCoullough, David, 1776