1. UNEP/UNDP experiences George Manful, UNEP Martin Krause, UNDP UNFCCC workshop on best practices with conducting TNAs

2. GEF funding for TNAs  Framework of Enabling activities phase II: –GEF funded 94 countries to conduct TNAs 80 supported by UNDP 14 by the UNEP  Framework of the SNCs: –GEF is currently funding 10 additional countries to conduct TNAs

3. Tool and methods for TNAs  IPCC Special Report on Methodological and Technical Issues in Technology Transfer (IPCC 2000)  UNDP handbook entitled Conducting technology needs assessments for climate change (UNDP 2004), produced in collaboration with the CTI, the EGTT and the UNFCCC secretariat 3 regional workshops

4. TNA Process: Key activities

5. Approaches for TNA Most countries began with a preliminary list of sectors and technology optionsMost countries began with a preliminary list of sectors and technology options Baseline information at the sectoral or national level was taken into account in TNAsBaseline information at the sectoral or national level was taken into account in TNAs Socio-economic plans, development goals and GHG emissions reduction potential were also consideredSocio-economic plans, development goals and GHG emissions reduction potential were also considered Options were assessed and ranked using a matrix approach on a set of pre-determined criteriaOptions were assessed and ranked using a matrix approach on a set of pre-determined criteria Stakeholders were involved in the TNA in most casesStakeholders were involved in the TNA in most cases

6. Extensive multi-stakeholder dialogueExtensive multi-stakeholder dialogue –Expensive and time consuming but A country-driven & bottom-up processA country-driven & bottom-up process Promotes private sector participationPromotes private sector participation Enhance local capacityEnhance local capacity Brings different stakeholders together & includes their viewsBrings different stakeholders together & includes their views Allows for balancing of opinions and setting of prioritiesAllows for balancing of opinions and setting of priorities Dialogue tools

7. Prioritization criteria Commonly used prioritization criteria include:Commonly used prioritization criteria include: –Development benefits –Market potential –Environmental protection –Climate protection Other criteria used include:Other criteria used include: –Contribution to achievement of MDGs –Social acceptability and suitability –Institutional and organisational capacity –Policy criteria and potential of government support –Cost/benefit and risk/benefit analysis

8. TNA for mitigation and adaptation TNA for mitigation easily comprehensible:TNA for mitigation easily comprehensible: –clear objective –target specific –known GHG sources –substantive experience in the field –wide range of technologies available –continuous research and innovation TNA for adaptation more complex and challenging:TNA for adaptation more complex and challenging: –inherent uncertainty of impacts and vulnerability –site specific and limited examples –long-term effects –broader stakeholders (usually at community level) –technology implications not always evident, complex investment decisions

9. TNA implementation plan Assessing financial and technical resources requiredAssessing financial and technical resources required Monitoring plan to assess progress and make adjustmentsMonitoring plan to assess progress and make adjustments Building on synergies with existing initiativesBuilding on synergies with existing initiatives Identifying ways to reduce TT barriers at different stagesIdentifying ways to reduce TT barriers at different stages

10. Process Results Support to national efforts to integrate national CC priorities into sustainable development plans and programmesSupport to national efforts to integrate national CC priorities into sustainable development plans and programmes Contribution to the formulation of a comprehensive strategy for technology transferContribution to the formulation of a comprehensive strategy for technology transfer Platform for the formulation of specific technology transfer projectsPlatform for the formulation of specific technology transfer projects Enhanced consultation and coordination among key stakeholders to support implementation of TT initiativesEnhanced consultation and coordination among key stakeholders to support implementation of TT initiatives Strengthen Institutional capacities as well as cooperation between countriesStrengthen Institutional capacities as well as cooperation between countries

11. TT Barriers Inadequate/insufficient human & institutional & financial resources for technology review/selection/investmentsInadequate/insufficient human & institutional & financial resources for technology review/selection/investments Inefficient networkingInefficient networking Inadequate systems & tools for research + data access & manipulationInadequate systems & tools for research + data access & manipulation Complexity of some of the technologiesComplexity of some of the technologies Lack of a database on new/clean technologiesLack of a database on new/clean technologies Lack of instrumentation and monitoring/auditing systems and practicesLack of instrumentation and monitoring/auditing systems and practices Lack of context, e.g. potential to use technology and access to resourcesLack of context, e.g. potential to use technology and access to resources

12. Some gaps in TNA reports Selection of sectors were not always clearly justifiedSelection of sectors were not always clearly justified Not all countries provided the basis for the choice of technologiesNot all countries provided the basis for the choice of technologies Methodology of assessment was not always describedMethodology of assessment was not always described Although most countries involved stakeholders, their roles and specific contributions not explainedAlthough most countries involved stakeholders, their roles and specific contributions not explained Not all countries identified barriers and capacity building needsNot all countries identified barriers and capacity building needs Follow-up activities usually not mentionedFollow-up activities usually not mentioned

13. Case-Study of a TNA: Nigeria Case-Study of a TNA: Nigeria Activity 1 - Preparation of Preliminary Overview of Sectors –Mitigation: Review of GHG Inventories to identify the major sources and data gaps in the emission inventories; Identify interrelationships between emission sectors and technology options Review development plans and policies in the identified sectors for a better understanding of expected future growth. –Adaptation: Specific sector vulnerabilities Cross-cutting issues and socio-economic implications Overall adaptive capacity of vulnerable sectors

14. Case-Study of a TNA : Nigeria Activity 2 - Identification of Technology Criteria for Assessment: Three basic criteria for selecting technologies: (a)contribution to development goals, (b)contribution to climate change mitigation and adaptation, and (c)market potential, to establish the criteria for identifying appropriate technologies –Mitigation: Preparation of criteria for selecting sectoral and technology options Review of technology options that are applicable to GHG mitigation in the key sectors –Adaptation: Potential benefits to development priorities, such as food security, water availability, health care improvements, and protection from natural and human induced disasters, among others

15. Case-Study of a TNA : Nigeria Activity 3 - Prioritization of sectors and Selection of Key Technologies: (i)sectors with potential for benefiting from technology development and transfer (ii)access and availability of the technology options (iii)policies which would support the adoption of technologies and processes identified –Mitigation: Compilation of prioritized mitigation technology list, including information on the technologies, selection criteria, and analytical tools used –Adaptation: Prioritization of vulnerable sectors, involving extensive stakeholder consultations and review of development plans to establish linkages with national priorities. Identification of sectoral characteristics, including geographical locations, strength and weakness of institutions, competing interests/uses, and opportunities for synergy. Compilation of response list to address key identified vulnerabilities, including analysis of how response measures are technology dependent.

16. Case-Study of a TNA: Nigeria Activity 4 - Identification of Barriers and Policy Needs: Mitigation: Identification of barriers and policy needs centers around the assessment of capacity required for applying the prioritized technologies, as well as improving the understanding of institutional and constraints. Adaptation: For Adaptation, this centres around conducting an environmental technologies impacts assessment specifically for adaptation because of the scale of applications, and the need to avoid or minimize the risk of implementing mal-adaptation options

17. Case-Study of a TNA: Nigeria Activity 5 - Definition and Selection of Options: technology options based on additional criteria, such as” (i) win-win options that deliver both climate and other development objectives at low or even negative costs, addressing urgent priorities (ii) promising long-term technology options which are not necessarily win-win options, but which in the long-run offer very significant promise in addressing climate change and the attainment of national sustainable development objectives.

18. Case-Study of a TNA: Nigeria Activity 6 - Preparation of Synthesis Report: The synthesis report provides the framework for coherent articulation of all identified TNA needs which shall form the basis on which decisions are to be taken. This report is the beginning of an on- going process that would be integrated into a wider technology transfer activities to improve the flow of climate response and environmentally sound/sustainable technologies. It would contain elements such as: –Key sectors affected –Types of criteria applied –Ranking and selection of process applied, and –List of technologies that emerged as an output of the process, among others.

19. Case-Study of a TNA: Nigeria Activity 7 - Identification of Actions and Opportunities for Implementation: Some of the key issues required for implementation of TNA recommendations include: –Assessment of adequacy of funds and recommendations of financial mechanisms to support TNA implementation –Setting up of time frame and milestones to monitor progress –Identification of ways to improve implementation strategies, especially by drawing-up of synergies with related programmes –Identification of institutional and policy framework to reduce barriers –Stakeholder involvement –Continuous revision of plans as needed

20. Lessons Learned I For TNA process to be effective it must be demand driven and sector specific and embedded into the national development processFor TNA process to be effective it must be demand driven and sector specific and embedded into the national development process Inadequate enabling environment (i.e. sectoral/national policies) is an important barrierInadequate enabling environment (i.e. sectoral/national policies) is an important barrier Enhancing national and institutional capacities is crucialEnhancing national and institutional capacities is crucial Effective participation of key stakeholders – Government, private sector, and civil society – is imperativeEffective participation of key stakeholders – Government, private sector, and civil society – is imperative Cost is one of the paramount barriers in technology transferCost is one of the paramount barriers in technology transfer Need to address cross-sectoral issues, including linkages between mitigation and adaptation prioritiesNeed to address cross-sectoral issues, including linkages between mitigation and adaptation priorities

21. Lessons Learned II Capacity in the area of science and technology is low level both in terms of its development and utilization in most priority sectors.Capacity in the area of science and technology is low level both in terms of its development and utilization in most priority sectors. Need to strengthen linkages between the science and technology community and policy makers.Need to strengthen linkages between the science and technology community and policy makers.