1. Battle Scene Which camera techniques were used to create tension prior to the battle. Explain how they achieved this.

2. TechniqueWhat You SeeEffect on Audience Costume/ make- up Wallace Props And use of horse Facial Expression of Characters Words spoken Camera Shots Scots in ordinary clothing - ragged. English in armour – organised. Painted faces – blue and white like the Saltire. Scots are less well prepared – English more organised. They seem outnumbered. Painted faces make them look intimidating and is patriotic. Scots – homemade weapons, spears, axes etc English – arrows, swords etc Wallace’s horse moving back and forward along line of Scots. Getting faster all the time Scots look like they will lose – English have the advantage. The horse moving reflects the emotions of Wallace – determined, excited – as he encourages the others to fight. He gets them to follow him into battle and risk their lives for their country – inspirational leader. Fear on their faces. Determination on Wallace’s Talking about patriotism and freedom The men are afraid and don’t want to die. Wallace is going to have his revenge on the men who control his country. He loves his country and is proud of Scotland and makes the others believe that they have a chance to get their country back and be free. Wide angle shot to show whole battlefield. Camera following Wallace. Focus on faces of Scots’ soldiers. Presents the sheer scale of the battle – large. Shows how many men are there and how difficult a task the Scots will have to win against the English. at the start the Scots are leaving and afraid by the time the battle starts Wallace has given them courage and hope that they can win – they look more determined.

3. Scottish Nobles vs. Wallace 1. Compare Lochland and Wallace’s speeches before the battle and note the impact that each has with the crowd. 2. Whose speech is more inspiring? Why? 3. Why does Wallace “disrespect a banner of truce” during the pre-battle negotiations?

4. Cinematic Sound Diegetic sound –Sound that we think is part of what’s happening on the screen ­ for example, horse’s hooves, the sound of thunder Non-diegetic sound –Sound that we know is not part of what’s on screen, such as music (unless there's an orchestra in shot!) and voiceover. There are two types of cinematic sound.

5. The Charge – musical impact Listen to the charge scene: you will hear sound effects and music, try to separate the sounds? How do the sounds heighten the tension of this sequence?

6. The Battle of Stirling The camera is used skilfully in the Battle of Stirling to help the audience feel they are part of the action. Watch the Battle of Stirling carefully, paying particular attention to the camera shots used for different sequences. “We wanted to make it very real. They were bloody times, so what we were shooting was very brutal. We had 30 or so English stuntmen and they trained the extras for two weeks before filming.” Simon Crane STUNT COORDINATOR

7. Montage Montage is the cinematic technique that relates to the way that different images are assembled to build up a particular impression using the order and transition of the scenes. Cut - One image is suddenly replaced by another, without a visible transition. Montage is used to: –link bits of action together into an understandable story –make the audience feel certain emotions –control and show the passage of time.

8. Battle Scene During the battle scene camera techniques are used to help the audience feel as if they are in the middle of the battle. Identify which camera angles were used to make you feel as if you were in the battle. Explain how they achieved this.

9. Shot typeDescriptionEffect Point of View High Angle Shot Camera Speed (Slow) Camera Speed (Faster) Quick Jump Cuts Low Angle Arrows coming towards the men. Feeling of terror and fear. Gives the impression that the attack is upon the audience. Raises tension and anxiety. Focus on horses’ feet. Heightens the power and size of the horses as they gallop towards the waiting Scottish army. Once again, raising tension and fear. Horses galloping during the initial stages of the attack. Prolongs the tension of the attack. Emphasis the fear of the waiting Scots. Horses galloping as they advance upon the Scots. Makes the horses seem as though they are moving at incredible speeds towards the ever-closer Scottish army. (Music also speeds up at this stage which increases the effect.) Heightens the excitement and tension. The two armies during the hand-to- hand combat. Confusing, disorientating shots taken at the level of those involved. The obstructions and movement make the audience feel as if they are in the midst of the battle. Everything happens so fast that we are drawn in to be part of the action. William against the blue sky. Increases the sense of admiration for Wallace. Heightens the audience’s awareness of his triumphant victory.

10. Shot type DescriptionEffect Point of View High Angle Shot Camera Speed (Slow) Camera Speed (Faster) Quick Jump Cuts Low Angle Arrows coming towards the men. Feeling of terror and fear. Gives the impression that the attack is upon the audience. Raises tension and anxiety. Focus on horses’ feet. Heightens the power and size of the horses as they gallop towards the waiting Scottish army. Once again, raising tension and fear. Horses galloping during the initial stages of the attack. Prolongs the tension of the attack. Emphasizes the fear of the waiting Scots. Horses galloping as they advance upon the Scots. Makes the horses seem as though they are moving at incredible speeds towards the ever-closer Scottish army. (Music also speeds up at this stage which increases the effect.) Heightens the excitement and tension. The two armies during the hand-to- hand combat. Confusing, disorientating shots taken at the level of those involved. The obstructions and movement make the audience feel as if they are in the midst of the battle. Everything happens so fast that we are drawn in to be part of the action. William against the blue sky. Increases the sense of admiration for Wallace. Heightens the audience’s awareness of his triumphant victory.