1. Pg. 172-173

2. Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation did not give slaves instant freedom. The order from President Lincoln was only for the states that left the Union – not for the four border states. Until Union troops were sent to the South to see the order was carried out, many people remained enslaved.

3. Northern Victories In the months that followed the Emancipation Proclamation, (January 1, 1863) the North seemed to be winning the war – but the war was far from over. The order gave new hope to Africans and a new spirit to the North.

4. Africans and the War Africans had fought to defend the U.S. since the Revolutionary War. Crispus Attucks, a runaway slave, was the first man to die for American freedom at the Boston Massacre. By the start of the Civil War, blacks were not allowed to serve in the army.

5. Africans and the War As the war went on, many Africans decided to form their own regiments to fight for the Union. They asked Congress to let them enlist. In 1862, with no end to the war in sight and fewer white soldiers joining the army, Congress agreed. More than 186,000 Africans signed up.

10. Africans and the War Africans were not paid as much as white soldiers. Black soldiers were paid $10 per month from which $3 was automatically deducted for clothing, resulting in a net pay of $7. In contrast, white soldiers received $13 per month from which no clothing allowance was drawn. Blacks were given poor equipment. They often ran out of supplies. Confederate soldiers would often enslave or kill any African soldiers they captured.

11. Against All Odds Africans proved themselves in battle. They led raids behind Confederate lines. They served as spies and scouts. Africans served in almost every battle. Around 40,000 African soldiers lost their lives defending the Union. (30,000 of infection and disease)