2. Question of the Day: What changed in post-Renaissance society that allowed for the shift from controlled economies to market economies?

3. The “Little Ice Age”: 1350-1700 Medieval “Warm Period” In the 17c, Europe relied on a very inefficient agricultural system to feed its population.

4. 17c European Agrarianis m

5. Feudal Common Field System

6. Yield Ratio for Grain Crops (1400-1800)

7. Grain Supplies in 16 c Europe

8. Cereal Crops in 18 c Europe

10. Small Town “Farmer’s Markets”

11. The Village School (17 c )

12. Country People Playing a Ball Game

13. A Lace Maker

14. Supplemental Income  Cottage Industries: “Putting-Out” System

15. The “Putting-Out” System

16. Advantages of the Putting-Out System 1.Peasants could supplement their agricultural incomes.  Take advantage of winter months when farming was impossible. 2.Merchants could avoid the higher wages and often demanding regulations of urban labor.  Easier to reduce the number of workers when the economy was bad. 3.Merchants could acquire capital, which would later play a part in funding industrialization itself.  Peasants acquired future skills. 4.Young people could start separate households earlier, thus contributing to population growth.

17. Question of the Day: How did the Agricultural Revolution lead to changes in society?

18. Disadvantage of the Putting-Out System?? When demand rose [which it did in the 18c] this system proved inefficient.  Merchant-capitalists found it difficult to induce peasant-workers to increase their output. This dilemma eventually led to the factory system  All the workers were concentrated in one place under the supervision of a manager.  Water or steam power could easily be applied there.

19. “Apprentices at Their Looms” William Hogarth, 1687

21. Population Density: 18c Europe

22. 18c Population Growth Rate

23. European Urbanization: 1500- 1800

24. Industry & Population: 18c Europe

25. “Gin Lane” William Hogarth 1751

26. “Beer Street” William Hogarth 1751

27. Emancipation of the Peasantry to 1812

30. “Enclosed” Fields

31. British Raw Materials

32. 18c British Port

33. The Growth of England’s Foreign Trade in the 18c

34. 18c English “Nouveau Riche”: The Capitalist Entrepreneur