1. Craig Ogilvie, Iowa State University On behalf of the PHENIX Collaboration Heavy flavor systematics from PHENIX Sep 27, 2013 1 Complexity of interpreting data from HI collisions Use systematics: spectra, elliptic flow,… Present d+Au, Cu+Cu, excitation function,… Which leads to the complexity of interpreting d+Au… cogilvie@iastate.edu

2. Complexity of d(p)+A collisions Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 2 Nuclear structure functions Shadowing, saturation at low-x Anti-shadowing at moderate, high-x Initial state scattering Often modeled as increase in effective kT Likely largest impact at RHIC where spectra are softer Possible collective effects Barbara Jacak’s talk on Wed Final state energy-loss, absorption,…. Centrality classification

3. CNM I: d+Au heavy-flavor at 200 GeV Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 3 Non-photonic e, from heavy-flavor decays Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 242301 (2012), Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 242301 (2012) Significant enhancement at moderate p T

4. CNM II: d+Au heavy-flavor at 200 GeV Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 4 Non-photonic e, from heavy-flavor decays Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 242301 (2012) Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 242301 (2012) Enhancement present in min-bias Effect not caused by challenges of centrality definition R dA P T (GeV/c)

5. CNM IV: Forward, backward  from HF decay Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 5   e Forward rapidity suppressed Likely shadowing at low-x in Au Backward rapidity enhanced anti-shadowing at higher x in Au? or increase in due to initial scattering?

6. CNM III: Identified hadron spectra in dA Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 6 Phys. Rev. C 88, 024906 (2013) Phys. Rev. C 88, 024906 (2013) Cronin peak: proton ~ > HF e Why?

7. R dA P T (GeV/c) CNM II: d+Au heavy-flavor at 200 GeV Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 7 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 242301 (2012) Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 242301 (2012) Does increase have larger impact when p+p spectrum is soft? spectra = convolution of scattering + fragmentation Or recombination effects in hadronization? Or collective? Or… Opportunity for theory impact

8. Example with  0 R dA Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 8  0 calc from I. Vitev Reasonable reproduction of  0 Nuclear structure function Cronin Large initial state multiple- scattering Final state E loss Need calculations for heavy- flavor R dA Vitev et al., PRD 74 (2006) Phys.Lett. B718 (2012) 482-487

9. J/  CNM Sep 27, 2013 9 y EPS09 nuclear structure functions plus breakup Reasonable reproduction, misses centrality dependence BUT, charm is enhanced at moderate p T (non-photonic electrons R dA >1) 1)Do these calculations reproduce open charm R dA >1 ? 2)If not, then more effective suppression needed for J/  PRL 107, 142301 (2011)

10. Normalize J/  by HF? Sep 27, 2013 10 R dA P T (GeV/c ) J/  Phys. Rev. C 87, 034904 (2013) Au-going, high-x d-going, low-x

11. Connect d+Au to A+A Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 11 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 242301 (2012), Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 242301 (2012) 1) Enhancement in d+Au + energy-loss  suppression in A+A 2) Models must attempt to reproduce both d+A and A+A Min-bias collisions

12. One method to organize results Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 12 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 242301 (2012), Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 242301 (2012) Matt Durham Common suppression pattern when normalized by square of R dA Does this take into account impact of initial state increase of ?

13. Intermediate Cu+Cu: links d+A and Au+Au Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 13 Peripheral Cu+Cu (yellow) Enhancement ~ central d+Au (blue )

14. d+Au to Cu+Cu to Au+Au Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 14 Interplay of two effects CNM increases yield, competes with energy-loss suppression

15. d+Au to Cu+Cu to Au+Au Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 15 Higher pT CNM increases yield, stronger energy-loss suppression

16. dAu Cu+Cu heavy-flavor, forward rapidity Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 16 Large uncertainties: Forward y in central d+Au ~ peripheral Cu+Cu Cu+Cu forward y, Au+Au mid-rapidity

17. Additional lever arm: beam energy Sep 27, 2013 17 Dominant energy-loss at high  s Transitions to stronger Cronin effect at lower  s p T (GeV/c) charged hadrons from Au+Au 00 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 152301 (2012)

18. Need R dA at lower-beam energy Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 18 Not in current RHIC running plan :( How does R dA change from 200 GeV to 62 GeV Three beam energies (62, 200 GeV, LHC) constrains interplay of structure function, initial state scattering R dA calculations at 62 GeV  R dA ~ 2 at 62 GeV  R dA ~ 1.2 at 200 GeV A. Accardi Eur. Phys. J. C 43, 121–125 (2005)

19. Non-photonic electrons Au+Au 62 GeV Sep 27, 2013 19 Lower beam energy changes interplay of two effects Stronger CNM competing with weaker energy-loss Forthcoming PHENIX publication spectra with smaller systematics comparison with p+p, R AA etc. If your model reproduces 200 GeV and 2.76 TeV heavy flavor R AA Final call for 62 GeV HF R AA prediction

20. HF v 2 at lower beam energy Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 20 HF flow is > 0 at 62 GeV, but uncertainties large

21. V 2 2 nd constraint on e-loss Au+Au 200 GeV Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 21 Low-pt Charm v 2, extent of thermalization of HF Challenge for theory to reproduce both R AA, v 2 Many calculations, theory updates past few years

22. One example, P.B. Gossiaux SQM 2013 Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 22 Elastic + radiative energy loss With running coupling 

23. Is  pT/pT what we should be plotting for HF? Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 23 PRC 87, 034911 (2013) Suggestion in spirit of workshop, This is being worked on for HF, but no results available yet

24. VTX Upgrade @ PHENIX Two layers of silicon pixel detectors Two layers of silicon strip detectors Four layers in endcaps Tracks extrapolate back to collision vertex Displaced vertices  charm (D), beauty (B) Requires ~ 50  m precision D  e+X Au e X B  e+X X    e  e  e e Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 24 Installed 2010-12

25. VTX p+p results Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 25 2012/10/23 charm/bottom assumes PYTHIA spectra DCA data are fit by expected DCA shapes of Signal components : c  e and b  e (right column) Background components (left column) Fit range : 0.2<|DCA|<1.5(mm) b/(b+c)=0.22+-0.06

26. VTX p+p results Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 26 2012/10/23 FONLL consistent with b/(b+c) data

27. Physics Goal Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 27 Energy-loss heavy-flavor  understand nature of sQGP Progress on understanding many details If a model reproduces a broad range of data Can we infer any characteristics of QGP? Either direct via a parameter of model Diffusion parameter Or run same dynamical model in a “box”, e.g. radiation + collision E loss Infer effective transport parameters Which characteristics of sQGP are accessible this way and can we communicate this to our fellow physicists ? Maybe too many unsettled aspects yet

28. Summary Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 28 Complexity of interpreting d+Au Levers: centrality, A, y,  s, change impact of Structure function, initial state scattering, e-loss,… HF R dA enhancement up to factor of 1.5 Call for model calculations Is dAu HF a better baseline for R AA HF and dAu J/  production?? Complexity of interpreting data from HI collisions Cu+Cu HF yields smoothly connects dAu to Au+Au Competition between enhancement + suppression Change this competition Au+Au HF data @ 62 GeV, need dAu running at 62 GeV

29. Backup slides Sep 27, 2013 29 cogilvie@iastate.edu

30. X-ranges Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 30 SPS Pb+Pb 17 GeV RHIC Au+Au 200 GeV LHC Pb+Pb 5.5 TeV c-cbar X~10 -1 X~10 -2 X~10 -3 to 10 -4 Eskola et al. JHEP 0904 (2009) 065

31. R AA of heavy-flavor: from RHIC to LHC Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 31 Note to Craig add citations

32. Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 32

33. Charm production at 62 GeV reproduced by FONLL Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 33

34. Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 34

35. Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 35

36. Less bound charmonia in dAu collisions Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 36 arXiv:1305.5516 All three systems consistent within uncertainties

37. Less bound charmonia in dAu collisions Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 37 arXiv:1305.5516  ’ suppression stronger than J/  for more central dAu collisions Stronger effective breakup cross-section?

38. Photon in dA Sep 27, 2013 cogilvie@iastate.edu 38 Phys.Lett. B718 (2012) 482-487