1. The Lone Star State in the War Essential Questions: Why does conflict develop?

2. Vocabulary Conscription (Draft) – The forced enrollment of people into military service Unionist (North / USA) – A person who supported the Union cause during the Civil War

3. Vocabulary Blockade (Stop) – Using naval vessels to prevent shipment of food and supplies into or out of ports One effect of the blockade in Texas was the cut off of supplies and the capture of Galveston.

4. Confederate President Jefferson Davis initiated the Conscription Act, requiring all men between 18 and 35 to serve in the Confederate army. Since the Texas lifestyle was based on ranching and horse riding, about two-thirds of the first Texan soldiers were in cavalry. The Lone Star State in the War

5. There were two well-known Confederate fighting units that came from Texas. One was Hood’s Brigade (infantry) and was led by Brigadier General John Bell Hood. The other was Terry’s Texas Rangers (cavalry), which was led by Benjamin Franklin Terry. Soldiers in Terry’s Texas Rangers supplied most of their own gear except horses when they joined the unit. The Lone Star State in the War John Bell Hood This statue outside the state Capitol in Austin portrays one of Terry's Texas Rangers, the cavalry unit that H. W. Graber joined. Benjamin Franklin Terry

6. John Bell Hood was born in Kentucky and graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1853. In the 1850s, Hood served in the U.S. Cavalry on the Texas frontier, fighting Comanche. Because he favored the South, Hood left the Union army when the Civil War started. Upset that his home state, Kentucky, had not joined the Confederacy, Hood declared himself a Texan, and joined the Confederate army as a captain in 1861. Hood was promoted to brigadier general in 1862 and given command of the unit that became known as Hood's Texas Brigade. It fought under General Robert E. Lee in and around Virginia. Lee called Hood's men his finest soldiers. Hood was wounded in battle in the summer of 1863 and lost the use of his left arm. Later that year, his right leg had to be amputated due to another battle wound. Hood was then given command of the Confederate Army of Tennessee. He led his men in several battles against Union General William T. Sherman. After the Civil War, Hood moved to New Orleans where he and his wife later died from yellow fever. Fort Hood, located near Killeen, is named in his honor. Why do you think Hood declared himself a Texan?

7. Battle of Chickamauga Both John Bell Hood's Texas Brigade and Terry's Rangers fought in the Battle of Chickamauga, an 1863 victory for Confederate forces in northern Georgia. Hood lost a leg as a result of a wound he received in this battle. How did the military units led by John Bell Hood and Benjamin Franklin Terry differ?

8. There were some Texans who supported the Union, including Mexicans (bitter about their lands being taken and because of ill treatment by Texans) and African Americans (end to slavery). Many tried to escape to the North or to Mexico, and some even joined Union troops. Although the majority of Texans supported the Confederacy, more than 2,000 Texans joined the Union army. Unionists in the South were arrested, forced to join the Confederate army, or killed by vigilante groups. The Lone Star State in the War

9. Milton M. Holland Milton M. Holland was born in Austin in 1844. He led his unit to victory after all the commanders had been killed. He was one of 16 African Americans to be awarded the Medal of Honor in the Civil War. Why do you think many African Americans wanted to join the Union army?

10. Do you think the Union army’s strategy will be successful? Why or why not? Three-Part Union Strategy Cut the Confederacy in two by taking control of the Mississippi River. Dividing the Southern troops in the east and the west would weaken both groups. Capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. Form a naval blockade of the entire Confederate coastline to keep the Confederacy from shipping cotton to Europe in return for supplies.

11. The Union set up a blockade along the Gulf of Mexico to prevent the South from shipping cotton to Europe and from receiving supplies in return. The Lone Star State in the War

14. Why do you think Union forces blockaded Texas ports?

16. In October 1862, a Union fleet was able to defeat Confederate forces at the port of Galveston, which was a serious blow to the Confederacy. The Lone Star State in the War

17. General John B. Magruder led Confederate troops and gunboats to retake Galveston. They defeated the Union soldiers and regained control of the port. Galveston remained under Confederate control for the rest of the war. The Lone Star State in the War Magruder

18. John B. Magruder, who had served in the U.S.-Mexican War, was in command of Confederate forces in Texas and determined to retake Galveston. Cottonclad Ships U.S.-Mexican War veteran Thomas Green commanded one of the ships that fought to regain control of Galveston. Battle of Galveston MagruderGreen

20. Meanwhile, Union troops were also trying to gain access to Texas by capturing the Sabine Pass, establishing a foothold that would allow Union troops to mount attacks into the interior of Texas. Confederate forces at Fort Griffin held the Union forces back. The Lone Star State in the War Large Union army attempted to invade Texas at Sabine Pass 47 Texans led by Richard Dowling defeated a much larger Union force Captured 2 gunboats and 350 Union soldiers and prevented invasion of Texas Received only medals of honor ever awarded by the Confederacy

22. Texas in the Civil War

23. The Union also tried to capture Brownsville to stop shipments of cotton and goods through Mexico but was unable to do so. The Lone Star State in the War

24. Quiz A B 1. To meet the ongoing need for soldiers, the Confederate congress passed a law, the _____ Act, which required all men between 18 and 35 years old to serve in the armed forces. A. Conscription B. Unionist C. Vigilante D. War 2. Since the Texas lifestyle was based on ranching and horse riding, about two-thirds of the first Texan soldiers were in _____. A. the artillery B. the cavalry C. the infantry D. the navy

25. Quiz B D 3. One of the Confederacy's leading infantry units was _____. A. the Alamo Company B. Hood's Brigade C. Houston's Brigade D. the Texas Division 4. Soldiers in _____ supplied most of their own gear except horses when they joined the unit. A. Magruder's Cavalry B. the Houston Cavalry C. Sherman's Riders D. Terry's Texas Rangers

26. Quiz D D 5. Although the majority of Texans supported the Confederacy, more than 2,000 Texans _____. A. fled to Mexico B. formed vigilante groups C. hid in order to avoid the draft D. joined the Union army 6. Unionists in the South were arrested, forced to join the Confederate army, or killed by _____. A. blockade runners B. Confederate soldiers C. other Unionists D. vigilante groups

27. Quiz A D 7. Part of the Union's strategy for defeating the Confederacy was to form a _____ to prevent the South from shipping cotton to European markets and receiving supplies. A. blockade B. tariff C. trade-free zone D. vigilante group 8. _____, who had served in the U.S.-Mexican War, was in command of Confederate forces in Texas and determined to retake Galveston. A. William Franklin B. Thomas Green C. Milton M. Holland D. John B. Magruder

28. Quiz B D 9. U.S.-Mexican War veteran _____ commanded one of the ships that fought to regain control of Galveston. A. Edward Clark B. Thomas Green C. John H. Reagan D. Benjamin Franklin Terry 10. Union forces attempted to capture _____ in southeastern Texas, establishing a foothold that would allow Union troops to mount attacks into the interior of Texas. A. Brownsville B. Laredo C. Matamoros D. the Sabine Pass